Questions and Answers NCERT Class 11 Geography- Chapter 4: “Climate.” - WritePlz.Com- Only For You (2024)

Questions and Answers NCERT Class 11 Geography- Chapter 4: “Climate.”

Objective Type Questions

1. MCQs:

a. Which of the following is the coldest month in the Northern Hemisphere?
– A. June
– B. January
– C. July
– D. December

Answer: B. January

b. The Indian subcontinent experiences the highest temperature during which month?
– A. January
– B. April
– C. June
– D. September

Answer: C. June

1. True or False:

a. The Coriolis force deflects winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer: True

b. The retreating monsoon is associated with the southwest monsoon winds.

Answer: False

1. Fill in the Blanks:

a. The climate of India is predominantly _______.

Answer: Monsoon

b. The southwest monsoon winds are also known as _______.

Answer: Summer monsoons

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the main factors influencing the climate of India?

Answer:
The main factors influencing the climate of India include latitude, altitude, pressure and wind systems, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents, and relief features such as mountains and plateaus.

1. Define monsoon.

Answer:
Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal of wind direction associated with large continental landmasses and adjacent oceans. It is characterized by heavy rains in summer and dry conditions in winter.

1. What is the difference between the southwest and northeast monsoons?

Answer:
The southwest monsoon occurs during the summer months (June to September) and brings heavy rainfall to most parts of India, while the northeast monsoon occurs during the winter months (October to December) and brings rainfall mainly to the southeastern coast of India.

Long Answer Questions

1. Explain the mechanism of the Indian monsoon.

Answer:
The Indian monsoon is driven by differential heating of land and water, which creates pressure differences. During summer, the Indian landmass heats up more quickly than the surrounding oceans, creating a low-pressure area over the land. The high-pressure area over the Indian Ocean results in the inflow of moist air towards the land, leading to the southwest monsoon. This monsoon brings heavy rainfall to the Indian subcontinent. In winter, the land cools down faster than the ocean, creating a high-pressure area over the land and a low-pressure area over the ocean. This reversal in pressure gradient causes the northeast monsoon, which brings dry and cool winds from the land to the ocean.

1. Discuss the impact of the El Niño phenomenon on the Indian monsoon.

Answer:
El Niño is a climatic phenomenon characterized by the warming of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, which can significantly impact weather patterns globally. During an El Niño event, the Indian monsoon is typically weaker, leading to reduced rainfall and potentially causing drought conditions in various parts of India. The weakening of the monsoon is due to the changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns, which disrupt the normal flow of moist air towards the Indian subcontinent.

1. Describe the climatic regions of India as per Koeppen’s classification.

Answer:
Koeppen’s classification divides India into several climatic regions:
– Tropical Wet (Am): Found in the western coast and northeastern regions, characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity.
– Tropical Wet and Dry (Aw): Found in the central and eastern parts, with distinct wet and dry seasons.
– Tropical Semi-Arid (Bs): Found in the western parts, characterized by low and erratic rainfall.
– Subtropical Humid (Cw): Found in the northeastern parts, characterized by mild winters and heavy summer rainfall.
– Montane (H): Found in the Himalayan region, characterized by altitude-induced climatic variations.

Map-Based Questions

1. Mark and label the following on the map of India:

– The regions receiving the highest rainfall during the southwest monsoon.
– The regions affected by the northeast monsoon.
– The Thar Desert.

Answer:
– The regions receiving the highest rainfall during the southwest monsoon include the Western Ghats, the northeastern states (Assam, Meghalaya), and the foothills of the Himalayas.
– The regions affected by the northeast monsoon include the southeastern coast of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh.
– The Thar Desert is located in the northwestern part of India, mainly in the state of Rajasthan.

1. Draw and explain the wind pattern of the Indian monsoon.

Answer:
– During the southwest monsoon, winds blow from the southwest Indian Ocean towards the Indian subcontinent, bringing moisture-laden air and resulting in heavy rainfall.
– During the northeast monsoon, winds blow from the northeast (land) towards the Indian Ocean, bringing dry and cool air.

By covering these different types of questions, you will have a comprehensive understanding of the chapter on climate in Class 11 Geography.